Carotid Artery Disease

The causes of Carotid Artery Disease include:

• Modifiable causes
  1. Conditions including obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, which can increase the risk of carotid artery disease
  2. Smoking, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet
• Non-modifiable causes
  1. Age (women who are over 75 years of age have a greater risk than men in the same age group, and men younger than 75 years of age are more prone to developing carotid artery disease than women in the same age group)
  2. Family history of the disease
  3. Those who suffer from Coronary Artery Disease (hardening of the arteries supplying blood to the heart) are more prone to developing Carotid Artery Disease

Carotid Artery Disease may result in no symptoms. The build-up of the plaques can go unnoticed and may result in a TIA. If you experience a TIA, your chances of experiencing a stroke increase by 10 fold.

The symptoms of a TIA are temporary (may last few minutes to a few hours), and they include any of the following:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Difficulty talking
• Numbness, tingling or weakness on one side of the face or body, or in one arm or leg.
• Sudden dizziness or confusion
• Sudden lack of coordination, balance and difficulty in walking
• Sudden loss of or blurred vision
• Sudden severe headache

It is crucial that you seek emergency help to receive immediate treatment in order to prevent the progression to a stroke.

Your doctor will evaluate your condition and discuss with you the range of treatment options suitable for you. These may include a combination of:

• Lifestyle changes:
  1. Limit alcohol consumption
  2. Maintain a healthy diet
  3. Maintaining control of your blood pressure, diabetes and other heart diseases
  4. Quit smoking
  5. Take regular exercise
• Medication to reduce the risk of stroke and other heart disease complications, as well as clot-dissolving medications
• Surgery to unblock the artery and prevent future strokes

Stroke is the most common complication of carotid artery disease. A stroke can lead to

• Death
• Muscle weakness and paralysis
• Permanent brain damage