肾癌
什么是肾癌？
肾癌（又称为肾脏癌）是一种肾脏癌症，肾脏是分别位于脊柱两侧，肠道后方的两个形状像豆子的器官。肾脏的作用是负责清除血液中多余的液体、电解质和废物。
肾脏内可存在不同类型的癌症。
肾细胞癌
肾细胞癌是成人中最常见的肾癌类型。其始于肾小管（微小管状结构）内膜，并开始不受控制地生长，在肾脏内形成单个肿块（肿瘤）。一侧或双侧肾脏中可以形成多个肿瘤。这种癌症主要发生在 50 - 70 岁的男性身上。
肾癌有哪些症状？
肾癌的症状包括：
- 贫血
- 背痛
- 尿中带血
- 疲劳
- 发热
- 腰腹痛（上腹部、背部或者身体侧面疼痛）
- 胃部一侧有肿块减肥
- 体重减轻
肾癌的病因是什么？
虽然肾癌尚无已知的病因，但有一些风险因素可能会增加罹患肾癌的机率。
肾癌有哪些风险因素？
包括：
- 年龄（50 - 70 岁）
- 性别（男性的风险高于女性）
- 种族（非洲人、美国人和中国人）
- 吸烟
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