Bloating is often uncomfortable, and can be due to many reasons. The sensation is akin to having a swollen or gassy stomach. Bloating usually occurs after eating and is often accompanied by pain in the abdomen, burping, abdominal rumbling, and excessive passage of gas.
Most causes of a bloated stomach are benign and can be easily treated. In certain cases, however, bloating may be caused by serious underlying disorders and even cancer.
We explore the warning signs and symptoms that may indicate something ominous, as well as the common disorders associated with bloating.
Causes of bloating
A common cause of bloating is having too much gas in the digestive tract. This may occur when too much air is swallowed due to eating habits such as eating or drinking too quickly, chewing gum, eating while talking, drinking through a straw, or the consumption of carbonated beverages. Some types of food such as beans and lentils can also produce excess gas while it is being broken down in the digestive tract.
Other causes of bloating include:
- Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine
- Crohn’s disease
- Constipation
- Cancer of the stomach or intestines
- Food intolerance, such as lactose intolerance or coeliac disease
- Gynaecologic problems such as endometriosis
- Indigestion, usually from eating too much food or drinking too much alcohol
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Slow emptying of the stomach (called gastroparesis), often due to diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism
- Stomach infections
Signs & symptoms of bloating
Bloating in the stomach is a common condition, especially in women. However, bloating may indicate something more serious. Here are the warning signs and symptoms accompanying bloating that may indicate more severe illnesses:
- Weight loss without any change in diet or exercise regimen
- Severe abdominal pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight gain or a rapidly expanding waistline
- Jaundice
- Blood in stool
- Vaginal bleeding in between periods
- Fever
If you experience bloating together with any of the above symptoms, consult your gastroenterologist immediately. At times, the symptoms may indicate a more serious illness such as cancer of the colon, ovary, uterus, stomach or liver. Early diagnosis and regular screening are important. Talk to your doctor to find out more.
Diagnosis & treatment of bloating
Most cases of bloating can often be relieved using simple home remedies. Some of these remedies include:
- Applying a heat pad to the stomach
- Avoiding certain foods, such as dairy or carbonated beverages
- Drinking warm water
- Eating peppermint
- Gentle massage of the abdomen
- Going for a walk
- Increasing the amount of fibre in your diet
- Over-the-counter antacids or anti-gas medications such as simethicone
- Reducing the amount of salt in your diet
- Taking a warm bath
If you are frequently troubled by bloating, or if you have any warning signs and symptoms, it is best to consult a doctor. Your gastroenterologist will look at your medical history and perform a physical examination. If necessary, diagnostic tests or endoscopy may be prescribed for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment varies depending on the diagnosis, and your gastroenterologist may prescribe medication or recommend lifestyle changes to treat the digestive disorder. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. Talk to your gastroenterologist to find out more.