Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when the urinary tract becomes infected, usually caused by bacteria that enters the urinary tract via the urethra. UTIs affect women more than men, with more than 50% of women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. Though most of these infections are treatable with medication, UTI may recur within six months after the initial episode, usually due to infection by a different bacteria or due to the suppressing effect of treatment wearing off.
It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of UTI. If left untreated, UTI may lead to infection of the kidneys or even more severe health complications. In this section, we look at the signs and symptoms, the risk factors, as well as treatment options available.
References:
Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic Diseases in America. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:587–619.
Signs & Symptoms
Infections of the urethra or the bladder are known as lower UTIs. Symptoms of lower UTI include:
- Pain or burning during urination
- Feeling of inability to empty bladder fully
- Needing to pee more often than usual
- Sudden urges to pee
- Pain in lower part of belly
- Cloudy or blood within urine
- Pain during sexual intercourse
If lower UTI is not treated promptly, it may lead to infections of the ureters or kidneys, known as upper UTI. Symptoms of upper UTI include:
- Pain in back or side area
- Fever or chills
- Malaise
UTI should not be taken lightly and you should seek prompt medical attention. Talk to your urogynaecologist to find out more.
Risk Factors
Certain factors increase the risk of having urinary tract infection (UTI). These include:
- Multiple sexual partners
- Frequent or intense intercourse
- Diabetes
- Usage of birth control pills
- Blockage in urinary tract
- Incontinence
- Having a history of UTIs
Talk to your urogynaecologists to find out if you are at risk of contracting urinary tract infection, and the prevention methods one should take.
Diagnosis & Treatment
Your urogynaecologist will perform a medical history and physical examination to check if there are any changes to your abdomen or kidneys. Certain tests such as urine tests may be prescribed.
Treatment depends on severity of the infection and may include medication of lifestyle changes. Talk to your urogynaecologist to understand more.