头颈癌是指始于咽、喉头、鼻、鼻窦和口腔的癌症。脑、眼、食道和甲状腺的癌症虽然也位于头颈部,但被分入不同类别。
头颈癌通常形成于粘膜表面的鳞状细胞。这种疾病在男性中更常见,并且更常在 50 岁以上人群被诊断出。
根据癌症发生部位,症状各不相同:
与大多数癌症一样,早期发现和治疗能够增加治愈的机会,因此请勿护士警示信号,如果您留意到上述任何症状,应及早就医。
有多种已知因素会增加罹患头颈癌的风险。了解这些因素有助于您降低风险或进行适当的筛查。
根据头颈癌的类型,风险因素可能有所不同。以下列出一些常见的因素:
辐射通常会增加罹患所有头颈癌的风险,尤其是 甲状腺癌。
头颈癌可能会影响一个人的外貌或咀嚼、说话和吞咽的能力。在这种情况下,患者可能需要在切除肿瘤后接受重建手术或言语治疗。
您可以通过调整生活方式来降低患病风险:
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