Dr Ling Li Min
传染科医生
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接种 COVID-19 疫苗后，您的免疫系统会保护您免受 COVID-19 的伤害吗？
上次更新时间： 2021年5月20日 | 3 分钟阅读时间
了解接种 COVID-19 疫苗是否有助于增强免疫系统，使您免受 COVID-19 的潜在感染。
2020 年将被铭记为 COVID-19 使整个世界陷入（近乎）停滞的一年。
这次大流行带来的好处是，COVID-19 疫苗的研发、批准和后续生产只用了通常所需的一小部分时间。就在您读到这篇文章的时候，来自全球各个角落的制药公司正在增加 COVID-19 疫苗的产量。
这是向前迈出的重要一步，因为它通过实现 "群体免疫 "为我们恢复正常生活做好了准备。群体免疫 "是指大多数人对某种病毒具有一定程度的免疫力。通过群体免疫，大规模疫情爆发的风险就会大大降低--就像我们在去年所看到的那样。
然而，即使接种了 COVID-19 疫苗，重要的问题依然存在。即使接种了 COVID-19 疫苗，您是否仍有感染 COVID-19 的风险？如果您曾经感染过 COVID-19 并已康复，是否还有必要接种疫苗？
让我们一起来了解一下。
接种疫苗后还会感染 COVID-19 吗？
目前，新加坡已批准使用两种 COVID-19 疫苗。这两种疫苗分别由辉瑞生物技术公司（Pfizer BioNTech）和Moderna公司开发，都是信使（mRNA）疫苗，预防COVID-19疫苗感染的有效率为94-95%。
这意味着，尽管接种了疫苗，100 人中仍有 5 人可能感染有症状的 COVID-19。
这些 mRNA 疫苗分为两剂。第一剂为免疫系统提供能量，以 "保护 "人体免受 COVID-19 的感染，第二剂则进一步提高或增强免疫系统。研究表明，我们的免疫系统需要在接种第二剂疫苗约两周后才能完全激活。
这意味着，在接种疫苗期间（免疫系统启动之前）和之后（直到有确凿证据表明疫苗可以防止传播），人们仍应保持安全距离，在社交场合谨慎行事，并严格遵守个人卫生习惯。
COVID-19 康复患者是否需要接种疫苗？
是的，应该接种。可能会发生再次感染，尤其是当自然免疫力减弱时。研究表明，自然免疫可持续长达 8 个月。
此外，研究还发现，那些从 COVID-19 中康复的人体内的抗体比之前没有测试 COVID-19 呈阳性的疫苗接种者高出 10 倍。与此同时，这些人也不太可能在注射部位出现疼痛，而这正是 mRNA 疫苗常见的副作用。
接种疫苗后，生活会恢复正常吗？
这是新常态，生活不会很快恢复正常。随着我们对病毒的了解越来越多，每年都会比上一年更好。
COVID-19 有可能会持续一段时间，因此，为了保护我们的亲人、我们自己以及对我们生活的社区负责，我们需要通过安全管理措施保持警惕，并接种疫苗。
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"Information about the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Moderna.html
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"Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Pfizer-BioNTech.html
"Information about the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Moderna.html
"Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (13 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/keythingstoknow.html
Wise, J. "Covid-19: People who have had infection might only need one dose of mRNA vaccine". thebmj (2 February 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n308
"Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html
Berry, C. "Do I still need to get a COVID vaccine if I've had coronavirus?". The Conversation (25 March 2021). Retrieved on 26 April 2021 from https://theconversation.com/do-i-still-need-to-get-a-covid-vaccine-if-ive-had-coronavirus-157599
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