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妇产科医生
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何时看妇科医生？女性健康筛查
上次更新时间： 2021年12月1日 | 2 分钟阅读时间
人们通常认为，女士只有在怀孕后才会去看产科医生和妇科医生。实际上，这些专科医生的工作不仅仅是帮助您度过怀孕期。请继续阅读，了解更多信息。
妇科医生是做什么的？
妇科医生专门治疗女性生殖系统相关疾病，而不仅仅是分娩。
这些疾病包括：
- 月经不调或经期疼痛
- 激素失调和绝经问题
- 常见的子宫和卵巢增生，即纤维瘤和卵巢囊肿
- 令人烦恼的阴道分泌物和感染
- 排尿障碍和子宫脱垂
- 女性生殖系统的癌症预防
妇科医生和产科医生的区别
产科医生专门帮助女士怀孕和分娩。他们确保母亲和婴儿在整个怀孕期间都处于良好的健康状态。
虽然大多数妇科医生也会照顾孕妇，但有些妇科医生不给孕妇看病。这些妇科医生通常在自己的亚专业领域受过高级培训，会专注于核心领域，比如：
- 微创手术，通过小洞眼切口开展手术
- 生殖医学和生育力低下
- 泌尿妇科：泌尿问题和子宫脱垂
- 癌症治疗
妇科医生治疗的常见医疗问题
妇科医生治疗的常见疾病包括：
经期问题
女士的月经周期是生殖系统健康程度的一个指标。月经周期不规律、月经量过多或严重痛经等症状可能是子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征或绝经过早等潜在疾病的征兆。这时，妇科医生就能提供准确的诊断，并提出合适的治疗方案。在大多数情况下，单靠药物治疗就能帮助调节月经周期，使其恢复正常。
卵巢囊肿
卵巢表面长出充液囊肿的情况很常见。这些囊肿通常是良性的，无需任何医疗干预就会自行消失。大多数情况下，女士甚至不会意识到它们的存在。
但是，有些卵巢囊肿会逐渐增大，并引起压迫症状或生长痛。疼痛和不适是女士会注意到并就医的主要症状之一。在某些情况下，您的妇科医生可能需要通过手术切除这些囊肿。
纤维瘤
纤维瘤是子宫壁内最常见的良性肿块。近 70% 的女士都可能患有纤维瘤，其中大部分都很小，不需要治疗。虽然它们属于非癌症变，但如果体积增大，仍可能造成严重问题。它们可能会导致骨盆受压和月经大量出血等症状。巨大的纤维瘤还可能影响生育能力。妇科医生将为您提供有关未来怀孕的所有纤维瘤治疗方案。
尿失禁
尿失禁是指在咳嗽、大笑和跳跃等正常活动中无法控制地漏尿。这种情况在通过阴道分娩的高龄女士中较为常见，但也可能出现在其他所有年龄段的女士中。在某些情况下，失禁与子宫向下坠落的感觉有关。这可能是子宫脱垂的征兆。泌尿妇科医生将能够帮助处理尿失禁和子宫脱垂问题。
何时看妇科医生
13-15 岁的女孩可以考虑首次约诊妇科医生，接受有关女性健康、月经周期的一般咨询，有时还需要了解有关生育能力和预防感染的知识。
从 25 岁开始，女士可以去看妇科医生，接受女性健康筛查、盆腔超声波检查和 PAP 涂片检查。如果性生活活跃，则应每年复查一次，并每 3 年定期进行一次 PAP 涂片检查。在两次年检之间，如果出现以下异常症状，可以咨询妇科医生：
- 月经量多、月经周期不规律
- 痛经或性交时疼痛
- 骨盆不适和压迫症状
- 阴道分泌物异常
40-50 岁左右的女士可以咨询妇科医生，筛查纤维瘤、卵巢囊肿或讨论与围绝经期调整有关的问题。
立即约诊妇科医生，进行女性健康评估。当所有检查结果都正常时，您会感到安心；当疾病被及早发现时，您会感到庆幸。
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(n.d.) What Is an Obstetrician. Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.webmd.com/baby/what-is-an-obstetrician-twins#1
(26 August 2020) Ovarian cysts. Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20353405
(17 July 2020) Fibroids. Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.healthline.com/health/uterine-fibroids#_noheaderprefixedcontent
(18 June 2020) Menstrual Problems. Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.healthline.com/health/menstrual-problems
(9 November 2020) Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Information for Women. Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/women
(25 January 2019) What is an OB-GYN? Retrieved 16 January 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324292#when-should-someone-see-an-ob-gyn
(June 2020) Your First Gynaecologic Visit. Retrieved 19 January 2021 from https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/your-first-gynecologic-visit
(n.d.) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Retrieved 18 November 2021 from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos#
(21 September 2021) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Retrieved 18 November 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
(9 March 2021) Urinary incontinence. Retrieved 19 November 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20352808
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