髌腱炎（跳跃膝）
什么是髌腱炎（跳跃膝）？
髌腱炎（又称跳跃膝）是一种影响连接膝盖骨（髌骨）与胫骨的髌腱的损伤。髌腱的功能是在小腿运动（如跳跃、踢腿和蹬腿等动作）过程中辅助肌肉活动。
髌腱炎的特点是疼痛和炎症，导致肌腱薄弱，产生小撕裂伤。由此产生的疼痛可干扰日常活动（如爬楼梯或坐车）以及体育运动。
髌腱炎有哪些症状？
髌腱炎症状包括：
- 膝盖骨底部疼痛和压痛，尤其是在跪着或从蹲位站起来时
- 随着肌腱损伤恶化而加剧的零星疼痛
- 膝盖骨有肿胀或烧灼感
- 瘀伤或发红，尤其是受伤时
- 需要弯曲和伸直膝盖的日常活动会引起不适
髌腱炎的病因是什么？
髌腱炎（跳跃膝）通常是由膝关节过度使用和髌腱反复受力引起的。这在从事篮球和排球等涉及蹲下和跳跃运动的人群中更为常见。
髌腱炎有哪些风险因素？
髌腱炎风险因素包括：
- 大腿和腘绳肌紧张，这会增加对髌腱的压力。
- 腿部肌肉力量不均匀或肌肉失衡，更强壮的肌肉对髌腱产生更大的拉力。
- 腿、脚踝和足部对齐异常，包括弓形腿、膝外翻和扁平足等疾病。
- 髌腱张力增加，当肌腱的生长跟不上小腿的生长速度时可能会发生这种情况。这被称为 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson 障碍，即肌腱牵拉膝盖骨的底尖。
- 肥胖症，这会给膝盖关节带来更大的压力。
- 肾功能衰竭、类风湿关节炎或 糖尿病等慢性疾病会影响流向膝盖的血液并削弱肌腱。
- 由于股四头肌收缩的方式，导致跳跃和落地的姿势不正确。
如何预防髌腱炎？
可以通过以下方式降低罹患跳跃膝的风险：
- 运动前充分拉伸和热身
- 运动后缓和与拉伸
- 运动时佩戴膝关节支具
- 加强支撑膝盖的腿部肌肉
- 练习良好的跳跃技巧，尤其是落地时
- 避免在混凝土等坚硬表面上跳跃或落地
本页面已经过我们的医疗内容审核员审核。
相关文章
查看全部
Have You Noticed These Signs of Gout?
Parkway Shenton family physician Dr Wong Pei Ying shares more about gout symptoms, risk factors of the disease, potential complications and how it can be treated.
Taking Up Climbing? Try it Safely with this Guide.
Is bouldering on your list of activities to try out this year? Get to know more about this sport and how you can enjoy it safely.
Midlife Pain in the Knees
Learn more about preventing arthritis in your knees and how to manage the condition.
Wrist, Elbow and Shoulder Injuries You May Be Susceptible To
Tendinitis, tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow and frozen shoulder – these are some of the most common joint conditions that affect the upper body.
How to Walk – Have You Been Doing It Right?
Walking is good for your health, but did you know that there's a proper way to do it?
3 Common Leg Conditions to Know About
Heel pain, ankle sprains and arthritis of the knee are some painful, yet common, orthopaedic conditions seen by doctors.
