椎间盘位于脊柱的每节椎骨之间,作用是保持脊柱柔韧性,并吸收日常活动产生的冲击或者影响。
当椎间盘的外部覆盖层(纤维环)撕裂,内部胶状填充物(髓核)被挤出覆盖层(突出),导致该胶状物质压迫神经根时,就会发生椎间盘滑出。
这种病症也被称为“椎间盘突出”、“椎间盘破裂”或者“椎间盘脱出”。
椎间盘滑出的症状取决于受累椎间盘的位置和椎间盘是否压迫神经。包括:
椎间盘突出引起的疼痛往往比椎间盘膨出更剧烈。
有时不易区分肌肉拉伤引起的不适与椎间盘滑出引起的疼痛。背痛或肌肉拉伤引起的不适通常会在 6 周内消退,而椎间盘滑出引起的疼痛可能会呈进行性恶化。
椎间盘滑出的主要原因是逐渐的磨损和撕裂。随着年龄增长,椎间盘会失去弹性,即使轻微拉伤或扭曲,也更容易导致受损或破裂。
任何对脊柱施加压力的活动都可能导致椎间盘滑出。这可能在以下情况下发生:
以下因素可能会增加椎间盘滑出的风险:
由于椎间盘滑出引起的疼痛会随着时间推移加重,许多人往往只有在以下情况下才会就医:
如果不加以治疗,椎间盘滑出可能会导致以下并发症:
可以采取几个步骤来预防椎间盘滑出:
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