尿路感染 (UTI) 是指任何泌尿系统部位的感染。泌尿系统由肾脏、膀胱、输尿管和尿道组成。每个部位都有不同的功能:
尿路感染最早影响的部位通常是膀胱或尿道。如果不进行治疗,感染可能蔓延到输尿管和肾脏。
尿路感染根据感染部位进行分类:
尿路感染的症状因年龄和感染类型而异。有些人可能根本没有任何症状。尿路感染的常见症状包括:
尿液通常是无菌的,这意味着尿液中没有细菌、病毒或真菌。
当微生物通过尿道进入泌尿系统时,会发生尿路感染。
大多数感染是由寄居在结肠(大肠)内并从肛门传播到尿道的消化道细菌大肠杆菌 (E. coli) 引起的。
其他微生物(如衣原体和支原体)可以引起尿路感染,通常限于尿道和生殖系统。由于这些微生物通过性传播感染,当发生感染时,伴侣双方均需要治疗。
如果您满足以下情况,则尿路感染的风险增加:
如果未进行治疗,则尿路感染可能导致:
可以采取预防措施,特别是反复感染的女性,以减少患上尿路感染的风险。包括:
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